啮齿动物对水稻产量损失的模拟研究

在水稻的不同生长期进行机械损伤,模拟啮齿动物的危害.结果表明:产量损失的程度随破坏性的增加而加剧,速度与破坏程度呈协同趋势.不同的生长期所产生的影响各异.苗期啮齿动物的破坏不影响产量的减少.分蘖期具有轻度影响.孕穗期始表现明显,以后各期逐渐加剧.水稻生长期对损害有不同程度的补偿作用.依据有害动物管理经济学的观点,稻田灭鼠的理论时间定为孕穗期以后.     

差异展示法鉴定GA3诱导的水稻差异表达的mRNA

赤霉素是植物生长发育过程中一类重要的调节激素，在水稻不育系上喷施合适浓度的ＧＡ３（赤霉素的一种）可以克服其包颈现象。运用反转录和聚合酶链式反应建立了一套旨在分离差异表达ｃＤＮＡ的差异展示方法。     

水稻纹枯病流行程度的模型预测

根据水稻纹枯病发生与危害程度的调查资料,经与各诱病因素的相关性分析,组建成早、晚稻纹枯病的长期预测模型。经1990～1994年的应用检验,预测准确率达80％以上。     

Genetic and physical finemapping of the Sc locus conferring indica-japonica hybrid sterility in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Hybrid sterility is a major hindrance to utilizing the heterosis in indica-japonica hybrids. To isolate a gene Sc conferring the hybrid sterility, the locus was mapped using molecular markers and an F2 population derived from a cross between near isogenic lines. A primary linkage analysis showed that Sc was linked closely with 4 markers on chromosome 3, on which the genetic distance between a marker RG227 and Sc was 0.07 cM. Chromosome walking with a rice TAC genomic library was carried out using RG227 as a starting probe, and a contig of ca. 320 kb covering the Sc locus was constructed. Two TAC clones, M45EI4 and M90J01 that might cover the Sc locus, were partially sequenced. By searching the rice sequence databases with sequences of the TACs and RG227 a japonica rice BAC sequence, OSJNBb0078P24 was identified. By comparing the TAC and BAC sequences, six new PCR-based markers were developed. With these markers the Sc locus was further mapped to a region of 46 kb. The results suggest that the BAC OSJNBb0078P24 and TAC M45EI4 contain the Sc gene. Six ORFs were predicted in the focused 46-kb region.     

QTL mapping of the root traits and their correlation analysis with drought resistance using DH lines from paddy and upland rice cross

A Double Haploid (DH) population, 116 plants, derived from the cross between Japonica upland rice IRAT109 and paddy rice Yuefu, planted in PVC pipe under upland ecosystem in 2001 and 2002, was used in this study. Seven root traits, including basal root thickness (BRT), total root number (RN), maximum root length (MRL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), ratio of root fresh weight to shoot fresh weight (RFW/SFW) and ratio of root dry weight to shoot dry weight (RDW/SDW), were studied. Using index of drought resistance (IDR), the ratio of yield under upland ecosystem to yield under lowland ecosystem of DH lines, as the criteria of drought resistance, and correla-tion analysis between root traits and IDR, showed that BRT, MRL and RN were significantly correlated with IDR. High IDR lines had thicker BRT, longer MRL and less RN than low IDR lines. A molecular linkage map with 94 RFLP markers and 71 SSR markers covering 1535.1 cM was pro-duced. QTLs and G譋 interactions for BRT, RN, MRL, RFW, RDW, RFW/SFW and RDW/SDW were obtained based on the constructed molecular linkage map and soft-ware QTLmapper version 1.0. A total of 18 additive QTLs and 18 pairs of epistatic QTLs associated with root traits were detected. There were nine additive QTLs and two pairs of epistatic QTLs performed significant interactions with environment. Some QTLs with high general contribution and no G譋 interaction were obtained. Two pairs of epistatic QTLs mrl3 and mrl8, brt3 and brt11a controlling MRL and BRT had high general contributions of 21.51% and 13.03% respectively. An additive QTL and a pair of epistatic QTLs controlling RFW and RDW had high general contributions of 13.50% and 25.64% respectively. Marker assisted selec-tion (MAS) for rice drought resistance based on QTL with high general contribution, low G譋 interaction and tightly linkage with IDR were also discussed.     

水稻花培育种技术操作和无性系变异体选择

概述了水稻花培育种的技术操作程序和细胞无性系变异的选择方法。选择合适的水稻花培起始材料,选用适宜的培养基配方,对于水稻花培中愈伤组织诱导和分化至关重要。某些增效因子（例如水解乳蛋白、单核苷酸、ＡｇＮＯ３等）可提高灿稻花培的绿苗分化率。无性系变异为农作物细胞工程育种提供丰富的选择材料。通过对细胞变异的研究,建立了裸米选择－测米培胚的技术方法,并选育出多个高蛋白量的水稻优质品种（品系）。     

水稻淡黄叶突变体标810S不同叶位光合特性研究

以温敏核不育系810S为对照,对810S的淡黄叶突变体标810S叶绿素含量、净光合速率、暗呼吸速率和生物产量进行了比较研究.结果表明:淡黄叶突变体标810S各叶位叶绿素含量均比对照810S低,其光合色素含量的变化幅度为对照的60.9%~50.4%,但标810S各叶位净光合速率比对照高,增加幅度为4~5μmol.m-2.s-1.各发育时期的暗呼吸速率标810S比对照高0.23~0.35μmol.m-2.s-1,株高和生物学产量与810S接近.     

微波辅助提取米糠多糖的工艺

以脱脂挤压米糠为原料，采用微波辅助法提取米糠多糖，并与传统热水浸提方法进行比较，通过考察料液比、微波辐射时间以及微波功率三个因素，设计正交试验，得出微波辅助提取米糠多糖的优化工艺条件为：料液比1：10，微波辐射时间为2min，微波炉功率400W．传统热水浸提米糠多糖提取率为2．02％，纯度为68．53％，微波辅助提取多糖的提取率为2．76％，纯度为72．47％．与传统热水浸提方法相比较，微波辅助法的米糠多糖提取率和纯度分别提高了36．6％和5．7％．微波辅助法提取可以显著提高米糠多糖的提取效率，但对其理化性质并无影响．